Navy Training Violates Ocean Wildlife Protection Laws

Photo credit John O’Leary.

By Maui Now Staff

A federal judge ruled on March 31 that the National Marine Fisheries Service acted illegally in approving testing and training activities by the US Navy in the Pacific Ocean that threatens widespread harm to whales, dolphins, sea turtles and other marine mammals.

In all, the Navy’s plan would cause an estimated 9.6 million instances of harm to marine mammals.

The Navy and Fisheries Service concluded that over the plan’s five-year time span, the Navy’s use of explosives, sonar and vessel strikes could result in the death of thousands of animals, as well as permanent hearing loss and lung injuries. Millions of other creatures could be left with temporary injuries and significant disruptions to feeding, breeding, communicating, resting and other natural behaviors.

The US District Court for the District of Hawai‘i decision results from a December 2013 lawsuit brought by Earthjustice, representing Conservation Council for Hawai‘i, the Animal Welfare Institute, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Ocean Mammal Institute. The suit challenged the Fisheries Service’s approval of Navy operations off Hawai‘i and Southern California as violating the National Environmental Policy Act, Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act.

“The court’s ruling recognizes that, to defend our country, the Navy doesn’t need to train in every square inch of a swath of ocean larger than all 50 United States combined,” said David Henkin, the Earthjustice attorney representing the conservation groups. “The Navy can fulfill its mission, and at the same time, avoid the most severe harm to dolphins, whales and countless other marine animals by simply limiting training and testing in a small number of biologically sensitive areas.”

The National Environmental Policy Act requires that federal agencies, including the Fisheries Service and Navy, consider alternatives–options that could be pursued with less environmental harm. The act also requires that the public have an opportunity to review and comment on that analysis.

The groups sued because the Fisheries Service and the Navy failed to evaluate options that would place biologically important areas off-limits to Navy training and testing.

The judge concluded  that the Navy’s claim it needs continuous access to every single square mile of the Pacific, and cannot even temporarily avoid biologically important areas where marine mammals breed, nurse their young, and feed, “makes no sense given the size of the ocean area involved.”

Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the Fisheries Service must prevent harm to marine mammal populations.

Acknowledging the “stunning number of marine mammals” Navy activities threaten with harm, the judge also found that the Fisheries Service violated its legal duties under the Endangered Species Act. Under that act, the Fisheries Service is tasked with ensuring that Navy training activities would not push endangered whales and turtles to extinction. Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, the Fisheries Service must prevent harm to marine mammal populations.

“Searching the administrative record’s reams of pages for some explanation as to why the Navy’s activities were authorized by the [Fisheries Service], this court feels like the sailor in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,’ who, trapped for days on a ship becalmed in the middle of the ocean, laments, ‘Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink,’” the judge said.

“In 2004, Navy sonar during Rim of the Pacific war games was implicated in a mass stranding of around 200 melon-headed whales in Hanalei Bay on Kaua‘i, with one baby whale dying,” said Marjorie Ziegler, executive director of Conservation Council for Hawai‘i. “This ruling hopefully will spare other marine mammals from a similar fate.”

“The science is clear that sonar blasts and explosives kill and injure marine mammals and sea turtles,” said Susan Millward, executive director of Animal Welfare Institute. “The court recognized that the law doesn’t allow the Fisheries Service to give the Navy a blank check to harm unlimited numbers of animals.  Both agencies must do more to protect these vulnerable animals.”

“The Navy shouldn’t play war games in the most sensitive waters animals use for feeding and breeding,” said Miyoko Sakashita, oceans director at the Center for Biological Diversity. “The Fisheries Service has already identified vital areas to protect for whales and dolphins around the Hawaiian Islands and off Southern California, and they should be off-limits to explosives and other dangerous activities. The federal government has a responsibility to protect our natural heritage as well as national security.”

“This is an important victory for our oceans,” said Marsha Green, president of Ocean Mammal Institute. “The Navy can, and must, find ways to accomplish its mission that reduce the amount of deafening noise that prevents marine mammals from communicating, navigating, feeding and finding mates.”

A video about the effects of navy sonar training on marine mammals is available online. 

The court’s decision can be found online.